hopefully

詳細解釋：

hope.ful.ly

adv.（副詞）
In a hopeful manner.
懷著希望地
Usage Problem It is to be hoped:
【用法疑難】 但願：
例句：
.Marriage is a coming together for better or for worse, hopefully enduring.(William O. Douglas)
.婚姻是一種為了更好或為了更壞的結合，但願它能夠長久.(威廉·歐道格拉斯)

Writers who usehopefully as a sentence adverb, as inHopefully the measures will be adopted, should be aware that the usage is unacceptable to many critics,including a large majority of the Usage Panel.But it is not easy to explain why critics dislike this use ofhopefully. It is justified by analogy to the unexceptionable uses of many other adverbs,as inMercifully, the play was brief or
當作者們把hopefully 用作句中副詞， 如在但願這些措施能被採用 中時， 應當意識到很多批評家並不接受這一用法，其中包括用法專題小組的大多數成員。但是批評家們為什么不喜歡hopefully 的這個用法卻並不容易解釋。 與許多其他副詞無可指摘的使用進行類比，它有著充分正當的理由，比如幸好，這齣戲很短 或
例句：
Frankly, I have no use for your friend.
老實說，我對你的朋友毫無用處。

And though this use ofhopefully may have been a vogue word when it first gained currency 30 years ago, it has long since lost any taint of jargon or pretentiousness for the general reader.The well-attested acceptance of the usage reflects an implicit popular recognition of its usefulness;there is no precise substitute.Someone who saysHopefully, the treaty will be ratified makes a hopeful prediction about the fate of the treaty,whereas someone who saysI hope (or We hope or It is hoped ) the treaty will be ratified expresses a bald statement about what is desired. Only the latter could be continued with a clause such asbut it isn`t likely. · It might have been expected, then, that the initial flurry of objections tohopefully would have subsided once the usage became well established. Instead, increased currency of the usage appears only to have made the critics more adamant.In the 9'9 Usage Panel survey the usage was acceptable to 44 percent of the Panel;in the most recent survey it was acceptable to only 27 percent.(By contrast, '0 percent accepted the analogous use ofmercifully in the sentence Mercifully, the game ended before the opponents could add another touchdown to the lopsided score. ) Yet the Panel has not shown any signs of becoming generally more conservative:in the very same survey panelists were disposed to accept once-vilified usagessuch as the employment ofcontact and host as verbs. · It seems that this use ofhopefully has been made a litmus test, which distinguishes writers who take an active interest in questions of grammar or usage from the great mass of people who keep their own linguistic counsel.No one can be blamed who useshopefully in blithe ignorance of the critics` disdain for it, since the rule could not be derived from any general concern for clarity or precision.But writers who are aware of the critical controversy face a more delicate decision.Some will simply flout the rule,seeing no reason that they should be deprived of a useful construction.Others may choose to avoid the usage,whether they are motivated by discretion or civility. ·Like other sentence adverbs such asbluntly and happily, hopefully may occasionally be ambiguous. In the sentenceHopefully, the company has launched a new venture, the word hopefully might be construed as describing the point of view of either the speaker or the subject. Such ambiguities can be resolved either by repositioning the adverb (as inThe company has launched the new venture hopefully ) or by choosing a paraphrase ( One may hope that the company has launched the new venture ).
儘管hopefully 的這一用法在30年前首次通用的時候曾是個時興詞， 但對於廣大讀者來說它早已失去了俚語或矯飾的色彩。屢經證實的對這一用法的接受反映了對其實用性的普遍默認；而且並不存在其他精確的代用詞。有人如果說但願條約能被批准 ， 便是對條約的命運作了充滿希望的預測，反之如果有人說我希望 （或 我們希望 或 希望 ) 條約將會被批准 則表達了對其期望之物的大膽聲明。 只有後者可以接從句象但這不大可能 。 也許我們本可以期待當這一用法已變得根深蒂固之後， 對hopefully 的一片反對聲可稍事平息。 然而，這一用法的流行似乎反而使批評家們更為堅定。在9'9年用法調查使用小組的調查中44%的成員接受這一用法；在最近一次的調查中卻只有27%的成員接受。（相比之下，'0%的人接受mercifully 在句子 幸好，在對手能夠給這一邊倒的比分再加上一分之前，比賽就結束了 中的類似用法） 但是並沒有任何跡象表明調查小組成員正在普遍變得更保守：在同一次調查中小組成員們傾向於接受被一度廢除的某些用法，如把contact 和 host 用作動詞看來。 似乎hopefully 的用法已經成了一塊試金石， 它把對語法和用法懷有濃厚興趣的作家和保留著他們自己的語言學顧問的廣大民眾區分開來。那些全然忽視批評家們的蔑視使用hopefully 的人不該受到指責， 因為規則並不來源於任何對清晰和精確的關注。但是意識到了批評界爭議的作者們面對著一個更為微妙的決定。有些人乾脆違反規則，他們認為沒有理由要失去這么一個實用的結構。另外一些人則選擇避免這一用法，無論其動機是出於謹慎還是出於禮貌。象許多其它句中副詞如bluntly 和 happily一樣，hopefully 經常出現歧義。 在下句 Hopefully, the company has launched a new venture 中， hopefully 一詞可以解釋為記述說話者的觀點或者句中主語的觀點。 這種歧義可以通過調換副詞位置（如公司已經滿懷希望地到辦了一個新企業 )或選擇另一種說法( 有人希望這個公司已經創辦了一個新企業 )來消除