chagrin

詳細解釋：

cha.grin

n.（名詞）
A keen feeling of mental unease, as of annoyance or embarrassment, caused by failure, disappointment, or a disconcerting event:
懊惱，苦惱：一種強烈的思想不安感，如由失敗，失望或煩惱的事件引發的惱怒或尷尬：
例句：
To her chagrin, the party ended just as she arrived.
使她懊惱的是，她到達時聚會正好結束

v.tr.（及物動詞）
cha.grined,cha.grin.ing,cha.grins
To cause to feel chagrin; mortify or discomfit:
使懊惱；使受屈辱，使窘迫：
例句：
He was chagrined at the poor sales of his book.See Synonyms at embarrass
他為書的銷路不佳而懊惱參見 embarrass

來源：
French
法文
possibly from dialectal French chagraigner [to distress, become gloomy]
可能源自 方言法文 chagraigner [使沮喪，變得憂鬱]
from Old French graim [sorrowful, gloomy]
源自 古法文 graim [哀傷的，憂鬱的]
[of Germanic origin]
[日耳曼語源]

<注釋>The ultimate etymology of the wordchagrin, which comes directly to us from French, is considered uncertain by many etymologists. At one timechagrin was thought to be the same word as shagreen, .a leather or skin with a rough surface,. derived from French chagrin. The reasoning wasthat in French the word for this rough material, which was used to smooth and polish things,was extended to the notion of troubles that fret and annoy a person.It was later decided, however,that the sense .rough leather. and the sense .sorrow. each belonged to a different French wordchagrin. Other etymologists have offered an alternative explanation,suggesting that the French wordchagrin, .sorrow,. is a loan translation of the German word Katzenjammer, .a morning-after-the-night-before feeling.. A loan translation is a type of borrowing from another languagein which the elements of a foreign word,as inKatzen, .cats,. and Jammer, .distress, seediness,. are assumed to be translated literally by corresponding elements in another language,in this case,chat, .cat,. and grigner, .to grimace.. The actual etymology is less colorful,with the word probably going back to a Germanic word,.gramo, meaning .sorrow, trouble..Chagrin is first recorded in English in '5' in the now obsolete sense .anxiety, melancholy..
我們從法文直接借用的詞chagrin 的最終詞源被許多詞源學家認為是不能確定的。 Charin 曾經被認為和由法文詞 chagrin 派生出來的 shagreen .有粗糙表面的皮革或皮膚.是同一個詞。 理由是，這種粗糙材料是用來打磨和拋光物品用的，法文里的這個詞被引申到有了使人懊惱和煩惱的意思。但後來才確定，.粗糙的皮革.的含義和.沮喪.的含義分屬於一個不同的法文詞chagrin 。 別的詞源學家提出了另外一種解釋，說法文詞chagrin .沮喪.是借譯於日耳曼語詞 Katzenjammer .醉後的難受感.。 借譯是借用另一種語言，即外語詞的成分，如Katzen .貓.，和 Jammer .沮喪，不舒服.， 並照那種語言的對應成分直譯過來，在這種情況下為chat .貓.和 grigner .做怪相.。 實際的語源沒有這么富於趣味，這個詞極可能要追溯到日耳曼語詞grami ， 意思為.愁苦，麻煩.。Chagrin 第一次出現在英文裡有記載的時間是在'5'年， 當時的含義.焦慮，憂鬱.現已過時不用