include

漢語翻譯

vt. 包括, 把...算入, 包住
【計】 DOS內部命令:在CONFIG.SYS檔案的一個配置塊中包含另一配置塊的內容

詞型變化：

動詞過去式:included 過去分詞:included 現在分詞:including 第三人稱單數:includes 形容詞:includable 

詞意辨析：

contain, include, embrace, involve, comprehend, hold, comprise

這些動詞均含有“包括，包含”之意。
contain: 普通用詞，所涉及的物體常常是其組成部分或內容。強調包容關係。既可指具體有形的東西，也可指抽象無形的東西。
include: 普通用詞，指一整體包含著各獨立的部分，也指某東西包含另一東西的某一部分。
embrace: 正式用詞，指把某事物納入整個之中。
involve: 指包含因整體的性質決定的成分或結果。所包括的往往是無形的，不可觸知的東西，多用作引申。
comprehend: 正式用詞，指包含在整體範圍以內。
hold: 常和contain換用。指能夠容納或有足夠的容納量。強調包容能力。
comprise: 書面用詞，暗指一個整體包括不同部分所組成，可與include交換使用。

英文解釋：

動詞 include:

1. have as a part, be made up out of
2. consider as part of something
3. add as part of something else; put in as part of a set, group, or category
4. allow participation in or the right to be part of; permit to exercise the rights, functions, and responsibilities of
   同義詞：admit, let in

例句：

1. The graphic arts include calligraphy and lithography.
   平面造型藝術包括書法和平版印刷術。
2. My job doesn't include making coffee for the boss!
   為老闆煮咖啡不是我份內的事！
3. Please include me in the list.
   請把我列入名單中。
4. Is service included in the bill?
   帳單中包含服務費嗎？

詳細解釋：

in.clude

v.tr.（及物動詞）
in.clud.ed,in.clud.ing,in.cludes
To take in as a part, an element, or a member.
包括：作為一部分、成分或成員而包括
To contain as a secondary or subordinate element.
含有：作為次要的、附屬的成分而包含
To consider with or place into a group, class, or total:
放入，算進去：納入或包括進一個組織、階層或整體：
例句：
thanked the host for including us.
多謝主人把我們也算了進來

來源：
Middle English includen
中古英文 includen
from Latin inclôdere [to enclose]
源自 拉丁語 inclôdere [關閉，封閉]
in- [in] * see in- 2
in- [入，進入] *參見 in-2
claudere [to close]
claudere [關閉]

【引伸】
includ.able 或
includ.ible
adj.（形容詞）
<參考辭彙><同義詞>include,comprise,comprehend,embrace,involveThese verbs mean to take in or contain as part of something larger.
這些動詞都有把某事物包括進另一些大的事物，使之成為其一部分的意思。
Include andcomprise both take as their objects things or persons that are constituent parts.
Include 和comprise 均指把人或事物包括進去並成為其組成的部分。
Comprise usually implies that all of the components are stated:
Comprise 通常指所有的成分都是固定的：
例句：
The book comprises (that is, consists of or is composed of) 5 chapters.
這本書有（意思是由…組成） 5章。

Include, like the remaining terms,more often implies an incomplete listing:
Include 和其餘的幾個詞語一樣，更多是指不完全的納入：
例句：
included a reference to the accompanist in the review of the concert;
在對這台音樂會的評論中提到了伴奏；

例句：
will include an amount for postage in my payment.
我的付款將包含郵費。

例句：
.Through the process of amendment, interpretation and court decision I have finally been included in ‘We, the people’. (Barbara C. Jordan).
.經過修正、闡述，最終經法庭判定，我的名字終於被收入了《我們，人民》這本書中 （巴巴拉·C·喬丹）。

Comprehend andembrace usually refer to the taking in of subordinate elements as part of something broader:
Comprehend 和embrace 通常指納入一些附屬性的成分：
例句：
The study of art comprehends both aesthetic and intellectual considerations.
藝術學習中既包括美學，又包括知識的學習。

例句：
No single theory can embrace and explain every facet of human behavior.
沒有一種理論能包括並闡釋人類行為的每個方面。

Involve usually suggests inclusion as a logical consequence or necessary condition:
Involve 通常作為一種邏輯推理的結果或必需條件而被包括進去：
例句：
.Every argument involves some assumptions. (Brooke F. Westcott).
.任何爭論都牽涉到某些假定. （布魯克·F·威斯克特）。

Some writers have insisted thatinclude be used only when it is followed by a partial list of the contents of the referent of the subject. On this account,one may writeNew England includes Connecticut and Rhode Island, but one must usecomprise or consist of when a full enumeration is provided:
有些作者堅持認為include 只包括一個中心內容的部分組成。 根據這個觀點，我們可以這樣寫新英格蘭包括康乃狄克和羅德島， 但我們必須用comprise 和 consist of 來表示全部組成部分已被列出：
例句：
New England comprises (not includes ) Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine.
新英格蘭包括（不是 includes ) 康乃狄克州，羅德島州，麻薩諸塞州，佛蒙特州，新罕布希爾州和緬因州。

This restriction is too strong.Include does not rule out the possibility of a complete listing. Thus the sentenceThe bibliography should include all the journal articles you have used does not entail that the bibliography must contain something other than journal articles, though it does leave that possibility open.When one wants to make clear that the listing is exhaustive, however,the use ofcomprise or consist of will avoid ambiguity. Thus the sentenceThe task force includes all of the Navy units on active duty in the region allows for the possibility that Marine and Army units are also taking part, where the same sentence withcomprise would entail that the task force contained only Navy forces. See Usage Note at comprise
這限制太嚴格了。Include 也可能指全部組成部分均已列出。 據此，儘管下面這句話參考文獻應包括你所引用的所有的新聞文章 並不意味著必須含有除新聞文章以外的東西， 但是的確有這種可能性。所以，如果想要表明包括的內容是全部的，使用comprise 和 consist of 就可避免混淆。 如此下面這句話特遣部隊包括所有在該地區活動執勤的海軍部隊 就帶有海軍陸戰隊和陸軍部隊也參加的可能性， 而同樣的句子如果用comprise 就表示任務小組必須只由海軍部隊組成 參見 comprise