優秀作文必備：英文標點的正確使用(二)

逗號/逗點在中文或英文裡是再普通不過的一個標點符號；可是，它的用法在中文和英
里可就不一定相同了。

二、Comma (，) 逗號、逗點

在英文裡，逗號的用途有：

* 連線句子裡不同的成份
* 分開句子裡不同的成份
* 突出句子裡的某個成份
* 替代句子裡的某個成份
成份指：詞、短語(phrase)、子句(clause)等。

2.1　連線句子裡不同的成份

2.1.1 逗號用在以 and, but, for, nor, or, so, yet 等連線詞的兩個主要子句
之間：

1. My father is fond of fishing, but my mother prefers hiking. (以 ,but 連
接兩個子句)

2. He painted the exterior of the house, and she painted the interior. (以
,and 連線兩個子句)
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2.2　分開句子裡不同的成份

2.2.1 用逗號分開兩個以上的並列形容詞：(如果並列的形容詞之間可加上and,
but等，那就加上逗號；否則不可)

1. That tall, distinguished, good looking fellow. (可寫成 He is a tall and
distinguished fellow.)

2.　She is a little and old lady. (不可寫成 She is a little, old lady.)
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　　 2.2.2　在兩個修飾主語的短語之間加上逗號(句短可不加)：

1. While waiting for the bus on that cold rainy night, she started
sneezing. (主語she)

2.　At 10 o'clock the bus arrived.　(不必寫成 At 10 o'clock, the bus
arrived.)
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　　2.2.3　在 Jr., Sr., Esq., Ph.D., F.R.S., Inc., 等名稱之前及後都要加上逗
號(除了所有格的名稱):

1. They identified him as Howard R. Williams, Jr., chairman of their board.
(,Jr.,)

2.　That is Howard R. Williams, Jr.'s company.　(,Jr.'s　後面不可再加逗號)
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　　2.2.4　在追問句之前加逗號：

1.　Do it, won't you?　(Do it 是命令語氣，won't you?是追問)

2.　You know the answer, don't you?

3.　It is warm today, isn't it?
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　　2.2.5　一個以副詞或副詞短語開頭的句子，如果它和前面的句子有關聯的話，必
須在有關副詞或副詞短語後加上逗號：

1.　She believed he had the talent to succeed.　Unfortunately, he was lazy.
(後一個句子以副詞 unfortunately 開頭，同時這個句子和前一個句子有直接的關聯)
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　　2.2.6　 在句子裡有超過三個並列詞或短語等，在最後一個，and, or, nor等
之前加逗號：

1.　He promised to supply the pencils, pens, and notebooks for the class.
(簡單說就是 pencils, pens, notebooks 要寫成 pencils, pens, and notebooks)

2.　 Her mother sells tomatoes, potatoes, apples, and peaches. (...apples,
and...)

3.　 She ran up the stairs, across the porch, and into the house.　(up the
staris, across the porch, into the house 是三個短語，在最後一個加 ,and)

4.　 We all agreed that she was beautiful,　that she was intelligent, and
that she was ambitious.　(三個 that she was...都是子句 )
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　　2.2.7　 在句子中加上逗號，以免引起誤解：

1.　That she knew where the money was, was news to me.　(如果was, was 之間
不加逗號，是不是會引起誤解呢？)

2.　Outside, the lawn was cluttered with hundreds of broken branches.
　　 外面的草坪上到處是斷枝。
　　 (如果outside 後去掉逗號, 那意思就變成“在草坪的外面到處是斷枝。”)
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　　2.2.8　 用逗號分開引用句：

1.　 “You are beautiful,” he said.　(這個逗號要放在引號內)

2.　　Our teacher said, “Freedom is not license.”　(...said,)

3.　 “No,” she said, “I was just testing your patience.” (No, /
....said,)

4.　 “Perhaps,”Tom responded, “I will try anyway.” (Perhaps, /
responded,)
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　　2.2.9　　逗號用以分開星期、月日、年份：

1.　 On Monday, May 5,2000,　her first child was born. (Monday, May 5,
2000, )

2.　 On March 8, 2003,　he bought a new car. (March 8, 2003, )

3.　 June 2000 is one of the most meaningful of my life.　(只有月和年，就不
必加逗號)
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　　2.2.10　 逗號用以分開地名、省名、國名、街道名、巷弄名等：

1.　 Linda lives at 1234 Amarillo Ave., #1, Palo Alto, CA 94303, U.S.A.
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　　2.2.11　 逗號用在 such as 和 especially 的前面：

1.　 They enjoy outdoor sports, such as hiking and riding.

2.　 He likes all extracurricular activities, especially basketball
playing.
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2.3　　突出句子中某個插入成份(Parenthetical elements):
所謂插入成份，是指在句子中去掉它也可成立的成份。插入成份一般是感嘆詞、狀
語、副詞子句等。

2.3.1　句子裡插入的詞、短語、子句等,加上逗號以示插入成份：

1.　He knew, however, that no one would listen to his warning.　( 插入
however)

2.　 No, you may not come with us.　(插入 No)
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2.3.2　用逗號分開“乃此非彼”的結構：

1.　Jane, not Shirley, will attend the meeting.　(是 Jane，不是 Shirley)

2.　He wanted to see Mr. Wu, not Mr. Hu. (是吳先生，不是胡先生)

3.　Some say the world will end in ice, not fire. (是冰，不是火)

4.　It was her money, not her charm or personality, that first attracted
him. (為的是她的財富，不是為了她的嫵媚或個性)
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2.3.3　句中有非限制性的詞或短語之類，以逗號標出以示插入成份：

1.　Her husband, Bill, is a scientist. (Bill 為插入成份)

2.　Kent Howard, my English teacher, is from America. (插入成份 my English
teacher)

3.　Her father, who is a famous scholar, teaches English.(插入成份 who is a
famous scholar)

4.　Eleanor, his wife of thirty years, suddenly decided to open her own
business. (試將插入成份 his wife of thirty years 去掉，句子是否也能成立？)
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2.3.4　句中的城市名如果和它的省、州、國名並列，省、州、國名前後須加逗號：

1.　We visited Hartford, Connecticut, last summer. (Connecticut 為插入成份)
2.　Paris, France, is sometimes called "The City of Lights." (France 為插入
成份)
3.　Hartford, Connecticut's investment in the insurance industry is well
known.(Connecticut's 為所有格式，後面不可加逗號喔)
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2.3.5　句中帶著連線詞(but, and, or...)的插入成份的前面不可加上逗號：

1.　The Red Sox were leading the league at the end of May, but of
　　 course, they always do well in the spring. (but 的後面不可加逗號)

2.　The Tigers spent much of the season at the bottom of the league, and
　　 even though they picked up several promising rookies, they expect to be
there again next year. (and 的後面不可再加逗號)
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2.3.6　 向人說話時，逗號放在對方名字或稱謂之後、之前或者前後都加：

1.　 John, come here.　(John, 逗號在名字之後)

2.　 Open the door, John.　( ,John 逗號放在名字之前)

3.　 It is, Sir, not my fault.　 ( , Sir, 逗號放在稱謂前面和後面)
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2.4　　替代句子裡某個成份

2.4.1　用逗號替代句子裡某部份，表示字詞的省略：

1.　The lion is the symbol of courage; the lamb, of meekness. (the lamb, of
meekness 原本應該是 the lamb is the symbol of meekness)

2.　George was the hard worker, John, the lazy one.　(John, the lazy one 原
本應該是 John was the lazy one)
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終於搞定。你說英文逗號容易用，還是中文逗號容易用？