高考：如何寫出英文作文得分的“亮點”1

以前,英文作文評分的依據是根據要點和語言準確度而定。但是從2001年起實行的高考評分標準強調了內容要點,語言的多樣性、連貫性和得體性, 鼓勵學生嘗試語言表達的多樣化和複雜化。因此要寫成一篇較有水準的英文作文,除了要點和語言準確度以外,還必須在語用、語法結構以及表達的多樣性和靈活性上有所表現。句子單一、缺乏生氣的文章,哪怕沒有任何錯誤也不可能得高分,相反,“有些許錯誤,但是為了使用較複雜結構或較高級辭彙所致”,給分檔次仍在最高檔(21—25分)。

那么,英文作文如何才能得高分呢?以下幾種手段是增加句子複雜性的常見方法,也是得高分的“亮點”。

1. 改變句子的開頭方式,不是一味地都是主語開頭,接著是謂語、賓語,最後再加一個狀語。可以把狀語置於句首,或用分詞作狀語等。試比較:

(原文) My brother and I went to the cinema by bicycle the other day.

(修正) The other day my brother and I went to the cinema by bicycle.

(原文) The young man couldn’t help crying when he heard the bad news.

(修正) Hearing the bad news, the young man couldn’t help crying.

2. 在整篇文章中,避免只使用一兩個句式,要靈活運用諸如強調句、主從複合句、分詞短語、倒裝句、省略句等。例如:

(1)強調句

(原文) The dog has saved my little sister bravely.

(修正) It is the dog that has saved my little sister bravely.

(2)主從複合句

(原文) We had to stand there to catch the offender.

(修正) What we had to do was to stand there, trying to catch the offender.

(3)分詞短語、由with或without引導的短語

(原文) The driver escaped and didn’t stop, he left the old man lying on the road.

(修正) The driver escaped without stopping, leaving the old man lying on the road.

(4)倒裝句

(原文) I went to bed at 11:30.

(修正) Not until 11:30 did I go to bed.

(5)省略句

(原文) While you are crossing the street, you should be careful.

(修正) While crossing the street, you should be careful.