custom

漢語翻譯

詞意辨析：

habit, practice, custom, convention

這組名詞一般含義為“習慣”。
habit: 指個人的“習慣”，通常用於表示做事、思考問題或行為舉止的不自覺的方式方法。

• that proved to be my undoing, for i soon got back to my old bad habit of dozing off in front of the screen.
  這證明是我的失敗，因為我不久就回到在電視螢幕前打瞌睡的壞習慣去了。

practice: 既可表示個人的也可表示社會的“習慣”，這種“習慣”從性質上看是一種反覆不斷的或是有選擇性的行為或者方法。

• on the other hand, your stomach would turn at the idea of frying potatoes in animal fat——the normally accepted practice in many northern countries.
  在另一方面，一想到用動物油煎馬鈴薯，你便會作嘔。然而在許多北歐國家裡，這是為大家接受的通常習慣。
• she walked slowly into the hall and at once noticed that all the room doors were open,yet following her general practice she had shut them before going out.
  她慢慢地走進廳堂，並且立刻發現所有的房門都是開著的。但是按照她自己的一般習慣，她在外出前總是把門全部關好的。

custom: 具有 habit 和 practice 的一切含義，此外，custom 還包含這樣一層意思：長期而廣泛採用的行為或方法，即風俗習慣，按照某地區人們共同生活及其行為的準則或規範，它不僅有指導意義，而且具有必須遵循的意義。

• don't be a slave to custom.
  不要做風俗習慣的奴隸。
• from the moment of his birth the customs into which he is born shape his experience and behaviour.
  一個人從誕生的那一時刻起，他降生後所處的風俗習慣便給他的閱歷和行為定型。

convention: 其實是其他3個詞的近義詞，它的含義為：固定的或公眾一致承認的行事或表達思想的方法。

• they disregard social conventions without being conscious that they are doing anything extraordinary.
  他們不顧社會習俗，並未意識到自己在做些與眾不同的事。

英文解釋：

名詞 custom:

1. accepted or habitual practice
   同義詞：usage, usance
2. a specific practice of long standing
   同義詞：tradition
3. money collected under a tariff
   同義詞：customs, customs duty, impost
4. habitual patronage

形容詞 custom:

1. made according to the specifications of an individual
   同義詞：custom-made, customized, customised

例句：

1. The custom of young ladies being presented at court (ie formally introduced to the monarch) has disappeared.
   年輕女子被舉薦入宮(覲見君主)的風俗已不復存在。
2. Custom rules the law.
   [諺]風俗左右法律。
3. Social customs vary greatly from country to country.
   國與國之間的社會習俗有很大差異。
4. She followed her usual custom of spending Sunday at her villa at the seaside.
   她按照通常的習慣，在海濱別墅度過了星期天。
5. It took us only a few minutes to get through the Customs.
   我們的海關檢查只花了幾分鐘時間。