bureaucracy

漢語翻譯

n. 官僚, 官吏
【法】 官僚主義, 官僚政治, 官僚機構

詞型變化：

名詞複數:bureaucracies 

英文解釋：

名詞 bureaucracy:

1. nonelective government officials
   同義詞：bureaucratism
2. a government that is administered primarily by bureaus that are staffed with nonelective officials
3. any organization in which action is obstructed by insistence on unnecessary procedures and red tape

例句：

1. The bureaucracy has become ossified.
   官僚主義已變得僵化了。
2. The inertia of an entrenched bureaucracy.
   平穩的官僚機構記憶體在的惰性
3. The dead hand of bureaucracy is slowing our progress.
   官僚主義的流毒拖慢了我們的進步。
4. It was hard to understand all the minute gradations of their bureaucracy.
   很難弄清楚他們那套官僚體制全部細微的層次分別。

詳細解釋：

bu.reauc.ra.cy

n.（名詞）
【複數】 bu.reauc.ra.cies

Administration of a government chiefly through bureaus or departments staffed with nonelected officials.
行政系統：主要通過有未經挑選的官員的政府機關局或處進行的行政管理
The departments and their officials as a group:
官僚：部門和其官員作為一整體的總稱：
例句：
promised to reorganize the federal bureaucracy.
發誓整頓聯邦官僚作風

Management or administration marked by diffusion of authority among numerous offices and adherence to inflexible rules of operation:
官僚主義：一種以在眾多機構中擁有權威地位，並且固守著不變規則辦事為特點的處理或管理：
例句：
.knew something about bureaucracy and those nameless, faceless forces that can crush the life`s blood from the individual.(Rollene W. Saal)
.了解一些關於官僚主義和那些無名的、無特徵的，並能夠將生命的原動力從個體中擠壓出來的力量的情況.(羅里尼W.薩爾)

An administrative system in which the need or inclination to follow complex procedures impedes effective action:
官僚制度：一套行政制度，需要或傾向於一個複雜的過程從而阻礙有效行動的行政制度：
例句：
innovative ideas that get bogged down in red tape and bureaucracy.
陷入繁文縟節和官僚制度中的創新方法

來源：
French bureaucratie
法文 bureaucratie
bureau [office] * see bureau
bureau [辦公室] *參見 bureau
-cratie [rule] from Old French * see -cracy
-cratie [規則，規章] 源自 古法文 *參見 -cracy